Submitted by the MVCAC VVBD Committee
Hughes HR, et al. 2023. Journal of Medical Entomology, 60(6), 2023, 1230–1241 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad058
Abstract:
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus (Bunyavirales: Peribunyaviridae) that has been identified as a teratogen in ruminants causing fetal death and severe malformations during epizootics in the U.S. CVV has recently emerged as a viral pathogen causing severe disease in humans. Despite its emergence as a public health and agricultural concern, CVV has yet to be significantly studied by the scien- tific community. Limited information exists on CVV’s geographic distribution, ecological cycle, seroprevalence in humans and animals, and spectrum of disease, including its potential as a human teratogen. Here, we present what is known of CVV’s virology, ecology, and clinical disease in ruminants and humans. We discuss the current diagnostic techniques available and highlight gaps in our current knowledge and considerations for future research.
Note: Serosurveys of rabbits and sheep in California failed to detect antibodies against CVV, although previous infection with related Lokern and 5 other Bunyaviruses were detected frequently. CVV is transmitted by Culiseta inornata in the NW USA as is Jamestown Canyon virus which has caused outbreaks in sheep. The current arbovirus testing program using RT-PCR will not detect any of these Bunyaviruses.